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Endocrine and Metabolism

Basics of Genetics

Course Title: Basics of Genetics

Course Code: MS 203

Semester: Second

 Credit Hours: 2 Hours (2 + 0) (2 Weeks)

Requirements: Biochemistry

Introduction and Justification:

All human beings are equal and, at the same time, are different. They carry the same genetic information, except for tiny differences where we differ in our personality, appearance, behavior, and health conditions. During the past few years, our knowledge about the genetic basis of health status changed rapidly after the completion of the study of the human genome and clarification of the full genetic information consisting of three billion bases for encoding the scheme of human life. Physicians, in this era of molecular medicine, have to know the basics of human genetics by which they can provide genetic information that will help in determining health and disease. The human genome contains about 20,600 gene-encoded protein, The search for the differences and genetic variants among a group of people or individuals may explain the relationship between genotype and phenotype; genes interact with each other, as well as genes and environment interacting, to investigate the role of mutations and the formation of tumors and to assist in diagnosis before delivery and the manner of gene therapy in the medical fields.

 Objectives of the course

 Overall objective:

Study basics of genetics

Specific objectives

By the end of this course, the student should be able to:

Describe the basic concepts and principles of genetic

 Explain how genetic information is passed between generations

Recognize the role of genetic information in determining the characteristics of individuals

Describe the interaction between genes and the environment

Discusses the role of genetics in causing the disease

. Defines the basic concepts of recombinant DNA technology and genetic engineering

Methods of students assessment:

 Attendances and performances     10%

 Practical Objective Structural 20%

 Multiple-Choice Questions           40%

 Essays and Short Questions        30%

References:

12.1 Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, National Centre for Biotechnology Information http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim).

12.2 HUMAN GENETICS: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS, EIGHTH EDITION (2008).RICKI LEWIS. The McGraw-Hill COMPANIES, Inc.

12.3 HUMAN GENETICS: FROM MOLECULES TO MEDICINE, FIRST EDITION (2012).CHRISTIAN PATRICK SCHAAF, JOHANNES ZSCHOCKE, & LORRAINE POTOCK.LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, A WOLTERS KLUWER BUSINESS.

12.4 CONCEPTS OF GENETICS, FIRST EDITION (2012).ROBERT J. BROOKER.THE MCGRAW-HILL COMPANIES, Inc.

12.5 GENETICS: A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH, FOURTH EDITION (2012).BENJAMIN A. PIERCE.W. H. FREEMAN AND COMPANY, New York.

12.6 GENETICS (NATIONAL MEDICAL SERIES FOR INDEPENDENT STUDY), SECOND EDITION (1996).FRED J. DILL, MICAHEL R. HAYDEN, BARBARA C. MCGILLIVRAY, JM FRIEDMAN.WILLIAMS & WILKINS A WAVERLY COMPANY


Nutrition and Nutritional Biochemistry

Course Title: Nutrition and its Biochemistry

. Course Code: MS 202

Semester: Second

 Credit Hours: 5 Hours (2 + 4) (5 Weeks)

 Prerequisite: Basic Knowledge Introduction to Biochemistry

 Introduction & Justification

Traditional faculties of medicine used to teach biochemistry at the pre-clinical courses in isolation from the closely related sciences herewith, such as nutrition and chemical pathology. So the students feel that all lessons of biochemistry studied at the pre-clinical period do not fit with their work after graduation. In order to avoid these negativities, the nutrition and its biochemistry nutrition course has been designed here to translate  the goals and philosophy of the faculty to go to the community and learn through problem-solving. This course was prepared to know the components of a healthy body and its requirements in normal circumstances and also to know the chemical changes caused by disease or lack of some essential nutritional materials. The focus on aspects of nutrition in this course stems from the fact that malnutrition is a basic health problem affecting mainly children, pregnant and breastfeeding mothers (who are the most vulnerable group in society and constitute about 75% of the total population). Nutritional surveys revealed that 50% o fSudanese children suffer from various types of malnutrition.

Objectives of the course

. General objectives:

This course was prepared to achieve the following:

Understand the basic principles that control the body's needs for essential nutrients plus the daily dietary requirement.

. Understand the chemical composition of necessary foods (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals).

Understand the nutritional aspects of the metabolism of energy-producing foods.

    Know some general problems in nutrition.

Biochemistry

 Course Title: Biochemistry  
 Course Code: MS 201 

 Semester: Second  

Credit Hours: 3 hours (2 + 2) (3 Weeks)

 Requirements: General and Organic Chemistry

 Introduction and Justification:

Biochemistry (also called "chemistry of life, chemistry of biology, or chemistry of living) is the science that studies the contents of the cells, their reactions, transformations, pathways, and functions in the organism. It is an essential science for all life sciences, especially medical sciences such as physiology, nutrition, heredity, pathology, and internal disease. This science aims to understand the human body at the molecular level in order to maintain health and to deal with disease.

 Objectives of the course

 Overall objective:

Knowledge of the foundations of Biological Chemistry

 Specific objectives

:-By the end of this course, the student should be able to find out

 Carbohydrates materials

 Lipoid substances

 Nucleic acids

Proteins

      Enzymes